What is Good Delivery?
"Good Delivery" is a quality standard established by the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA). It specifies the exact requirements a silver bar must meet to be accepted for trading in the London wholesale market, the world's largest over-the-counter market for precious metals.
When a bar is "Good Delivery," it means any LBMA member will accept it without question. This fungibility is what makes the global silver market work, a Good Delivery bar in London is equivalent to one in Zurich or Hong Kong.
Good Delivery Specifications
| Requirement | LBMA Good Delivery | COMEX Deliverable |
|---|---|---|
| Weight Range | 750-1,100 troy oz (ideal: 900-1,100) | 1,000 oz +/- 6% |
| Minimum Purity | .999 fine (99.9%) | .999 fine (99.9%) |
| Required Markings | Serial #, refiner, fineness, year, weight | Serial #, refiner, fineness, weight |
| Refiner Requirement | LBMA Good Delivery List | COMEX-approved brands |
| Appearance | No cavities, cracks, or excessive defects | No specific requirements |
| Physical Weight | ~62-75 lbs (28-34 kg) | ~62-75 lbs (28-34 kg) |
LBMA-Accredited Refiners
Only bars from LBMA Good Delivery List refiners qualify. Here are some of the major refiners whose bars are widely traded:
| Refiner | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Johnson Matthey | UK/USA | Historical (acquired by Asahi) |
| Asahi Refining | USA/Japan | Active |
| Heraeus | Germany | Active |
| Valcambi | Switzerland | Active |
| PAMP Suisse | Switzerland | Active |
| Metalor | Switzerland | Active |
| Republic Metals | USA | Active |
| Royal Canadian Mint | Canada | Active |
| Perth Mint | Australia | Active |
Why Good Delivery Has the Lowest Premiums
Lowest Cost Per Ounce
- Manufacturing costs spread over 1000 oz
- Direct access to wholesale market
- No conversion costs when selling
- Institutional demand provides liquidity
Trade-offs
- High minimum investment (~$25,000)
- Requires specialized storage
- Not divisible (all-or-nothing)
- Heavy (~70 lbs) - impractical for home
Institutional vs Retail Markets
Good Delivery bars exist in two worlds: the institutional wholesale market and the retail investor market. Understanding this helps explain pricing and liquidity.
| Aspect | Institutional | Retail |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Buyer | Banks, ETFs, governments | High-net-worth individuals, IRA holders |
| Minimum Purchase | Usually 100+ bars | 1 bar |
| Premium | Spot + 0.25-0.50% | Spot + 1-3% |
| Storage | LBMA-approved vaults | IRA depository or private vault |
| Selling | OTC market, instant | Back to dealer, may take days |
IRA Eligibility
Good Delivery silver bars are IRA-eligible when they meet the standard IRS requirements (.999+ purity, from approved refiner). They must be stored at an IRS-approved depository, you cannot take home delivery for IRA holdings.
Where to Buy Good Delivery Bars
Not every dealer carries 1000 oz Good Delivery bars. Here are sources that do:
- SD Bullion - Often best retail prices
- JM Bullion - Multiple brand options
- APMEX - Wide selection, premium service
- Monex - Institutional-oriented dealer
- Kitco - Global dealer with GD inventory
For IRA purchases, your Gold IRA custodian will typically source bars through their approved dealer network to ensure proper chain of custody and documentation.